Current Climate and the Need for MTSS

Introduction/Current Climate and the Need for MTSS At this point in clip, pedagogues in our state are accountable for increasing pupil accomplishment more than they have at any old clip ( Guilfoyle, 2006 ) . Educators in America are confronted with increasing outlooks from national and province criterions along with an progressively diverse pupil base that challenge traditional manners of instruction and acquisition. In add-on to increasing criterions, answerability and a diverse pupil population, pedagogues are faced with behavioural issues that detract from quality schoolroom direction clip ( Public Agenda, 2004 ) . The research conducted by Public Agenda ( 2004 ) stated that â€Å"of the 725 center and high school instructors surveyed, 97 % confirmed that good subject and behaviour are necessary for a school to boom. The survey reported that â€Å"77 % of instructors felt that their instruction would be better if riotous behaviours did non necessitate so much of their time† ( Public Agenda, 2004 ) . Additionally, schools a re losing pupils in the passage between in-between school and high school with first-year academic rates on the diminution. Research from McIntosh and associates ( 2008 ) implied that Grade 9 academic public presentation was strongly connected to Rate 8 behavioural informations while â€Å"Grade 9 behaviour was predictable given Grade 8 academic performance† . Behavioral breaks in the schoolroom detract from direction clip, and that reduced clip finally affects academic public presentation. Logically, the clip that pupils miss finally antagonistic pupil advancement toward graduation, which increases high school dropout rates ( McIntosh, Flannery, Sugai, Braun, & A ; Cochrane, 2008 ) . Traditional manners of instruction that are more â€Å"reactive† than â€Å"proactive† no longer run into the demands of pupils, as schools face the conflict of increased examination and effort to non fall farther behind globally in faculty members. At Ottawa ( Kansas ) High School entirely, 91 out of the 174 pupils in the current eighth-grade category have been identified as necessitating extra academic intercession in respects to reading ( J. Blome, personal communicating, November 28, 2011 ) . Professionals who are used to learning in isolation are now being exposed to a more incorporate mentality in respects to information. Schmoker ( 2006 ) states that â€Å"Historically, schools have worked in silos where instructors provide direction independent from other professionals in the building.† These â€Å"silos† , in bend, traditionally cause pedagogues to group pupils with demands into wide â€Å"categories† such as particular instruction, gifted etc. ( Harlacher & A ; Siler, 2011 ) . However, by grouping pupils into wide classs, single demands of pupils can be glossed over by these wide generalisations. The current clime demands that pedagogues meet the demands of all pupils by developing proactive intercessions at a systematic degree, instead than being reactive and puting our pupils in wide groups that do non run into their single demands. The clip is now in respects to â€Å"supporting kids both academically and behaviorally in order to enable them to make their full potency ( Horner et. al. , 2005 ) . In order to accomplish that end, school territories are get downing to implement â€Å"response-to-intervention† schemes, or in the province of Kansas, Multi-Tiered Systems ( MTSS ) of support. MTSS can be used district-wide, from Kindergarten to the 12Thursdayclass. For a focussed attempt, the undermentioned paper will specify and explicate the procedure of MTSS execution at the high school ( 9-12 ) degree with an accent in MTSS reading execution while supplying illustrations from Ottawa High School. Specifying MTSS, Its Purpose and Goals MTSS derives from a signifier of â€Å"Response-to-Intervention† ( RTI ) . Batche et al. , ( 2005 ) and Fuchs & A ; Fuchs ( 2006 ) province that â€Å"RTI refers to the pattern of supplying high-quality, multi-tier direction and intercessions matched to students’ demands, supervising pupil advancement often, and measuring informations on pupil advancement to find the demand for particular instruction support† ( as cited in Averill and Rinaldi, September, 2011 ) . Basically, MTSS provides a systematic attack to reading, math and behavioural intercessions by utilizing research-based direction to all pupils within a school. The Kansas Department of Education ( 2011 ) defines MTSS as â€Å"a coherent continuum of evidence-based, system broad patterns to back up a rapid response to academic and behavioural needs.† The theoretical account is non an accreditation plan ; instead, it is a school betterment system that sets out to supply bar, support and early inter cession for all pupils within a school and territory. It can be adapted to a assortment of school accreditation plans from Quality Performance Accreditation ( QPA to the North Central Accreditation ( NCA ) . The school betterment program acts as an â€Å"overarching model that guides schools through a procedure of demands assessment and determination devising that assists in non merely choosing effectual patterns, but besides in making a sustainable aligned system† ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . The end of MTSS is to guarantee that every kid can be successful utilizing the resources from schools ( Kansas Multi-Tier System of Supports, 2011 ) . School territories besides do non necessitate to supply extra resources or add-ons to current patterns, but instead it identifies bing plans within the school environment. From at that place, MTSS â€Å"practices to place those that yield grounds of effectivity, turn toing countries that are losing, and replacing uneffective or inefficient attacks with those that are supported by research† ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . The ends of MTSS are besides accomplished by the followers: being bar oriented to supply support every bit early as possible each school twelvemonth and providing said supports ; using evidence-based intercessions for all pupils ; and utilizing informations to measure advancement and devising alterations when needed ( Kansas Multi-Tier System of Supports, 2011 ) . Model of MTSS-Tiered Learning As mentioned, MTSS wants to guarantee success for all pupils by utilizing a assortment of schemes from within the school. In respects to academic and behavioural direction, MTSS provides â€Å"tiers† of aid for pupils. Tier 1 aid focal points on supplying criterions and evidenced-based direction to all pupils within the school ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . At Ottawa High School, the current program for academic focal point is reading intercession execution by the following school twelvemonth. The program is in its babyhood, but disposal and the MTSS squad has identified two chief constituents within reading: comprehension and vocabulary. For illustration, the squad is entertaining the thought of implementing a system-wide vocabulary scheme within the school: LINCS ( R. Cobbs, personal communicating, November 30, 2011 ) . The scheme uses ocular imagination, anterior cognition and key-word mnemotechnic devices to make survey cards to help pupils in vocabulary and co mprehension ( LINCS Vocabulary Strategy, 2011 ) . All schoolrooms utilize vocabulary in one signifier or the other and a consistent, systematic attack from all instructors can help all pupils within Ottawa High School to heighten vocabulary development ( R. Cobbs, personal communicating, November 30, 2011 ) . Tier 2 aid occurs when instructors come across the inquiry, â€Å"‘what are we prepared to make when they do non larn? ’† Essentially, pupils who are non run intoing success in Tier I intercessions are identified through advancement monitoring and referred to Tier 2 intercession. Tier 2 intercessions involve predetermined extra intercessions and schemes based off of the specific accomplishment sets that pupils need to accomplish ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . For illustration, if pupils are identified as holding troubles with phonic consciousness for reading, they are placed on Tier 2 intercession and will have extra day-to-day support to help them with that accomplishment. At the high school degree, pupils are to have an excess 30 proceedingss of nucleus direction in little homogenous groups. Groups sizes at Tier 2 pupils range from four-to-six pupils ( Kansas Multi-Tier System of Supports†¦Reading, 2011 ) . Ottawa High School plans on accommodat ing its logistics to suit the demands of MTSS Reading Implementation. The program is to implement a seven hr twenty-four hours with each hr at 53-minute increases. A 30-minute day-to-day intercession period will be implemented for Tier 2 intercessions. Teachers identified as adept instructors will be approached to help the school with these reading intercessions, irrespective of content ( R. Cobbs, personal communicating, November 30, 2011 ) . Finally, Tier 3 aid occurs when pupils need extra support beyond the aid of Tier 2 intercession. While Tier 2 intercessions have standard intercession protocols for specific demands for pupils, Tier 3 aid becomes even more individualised as â€Å"the student’s instructors, counsellor, and parents consistently determine the issues that need to be addressed for the student† ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . Group sizes in Tier 3 intercessions range from one-to-three pupils and include frequent advancement monitoring to go on to drive evidence-based direction ( R. Cobbs, personal communicating, November 30, 2011 ) . Execution of Reading Practices of MTSS at the High School Level As stated, MTSS does non a stiff, fixed clip construction for execution. School territories can set the clip frame harmonizing to territory single demands. The procedure for execution can take from two old ages up to four old ages and is non precisely â€Å"linear† as the rhythm is cyclical, with uninterrupted betterment with module and pupils ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . Fixsen et. Al. ( 2005 ) province phases of execution as the followers: geographic expedition and acceptance ( the consideration that alteration is needed along with possible intercessions ) ; plan installing ( placing specific schemes to be used and taking resources to utilize said patterns ) ; initial execution ( first utilizations of MTSS patterns by staff ) , full execution ( at this point, skilled usage of patterns are used ) ; and eventually, sustainability, which is the consistent skilled usage of patterns as a everyday portion of the school twenty-four hours ( as cited in Kansas Departmen t of Education, 2011 ) . Presently, Ottawa High School is in the latter phases of the exploration/adoption phase. The program is for the school to come in the plan installing phase by early 2nd semester ( J. Blome, personal communicating, November 29, 2011 ) . Based off of demands of the school through research ( MAPP Assessments, Kansas Reading Assessments, figure of Fs in the school ) , disposal at Ottawa High School has targeted reading execution as the initial phase of MTSS. School leaders chose following year’s incoming first-year category ( this year’s current 8th class category ) as the first category to have MTSS reading execution. Administration decided to utilize one category following twelvemonth ( the fresher category ) as a â€Å"pilot† to implement MTSS, larning from strengths of the betterment program and leting for accommodations in schemes, protocols etc. After following twelvemonth, disposal programs to implement MTSS reading intercession school broad at Ottawa High Sch ool. MTSS is traveling to be implemented at the simple and middle-school degrees as good ( R. Cobbs, personal communicating, November 30, 2011 ) . As mentioned, MTSS is a territory and school-wide enterprise ; hence, all pupils in a high school receive MTSS Tier1 direction. In order to place pupils for MTSS Tier 2 and 3 intercessions for classs 9-12, all pupils must foremost take a cosmopolitan screener. The cosmopolitan screener determines if pupils are reading at grade degree. Universal screeners that can be used for initial appraisal include the MAP, NWEA, GRADE assessments etc. From at that place, pupils who do non run into grade degree are so given a curriculum-based measuring ( CBM ) provides information about specific reading accomplishment sets ( phonic consciousness, comprehension, vocabulary etc. ) from pupils that need betterment. CBMs that can be used in schools include the DIBELS or AIMSweb measuring. Finally, diagnostic procedures and appraisals that include phonics awareness screeners, formal appraisals, and phonological consciousness screeners are used to prove the students’ accomplishments and cognition ( Kansas Multi-Tier System of Supports Required Practices, 2011 ) . Students receive the differentiated and single direction based off of the Tier schemes discussed before in this paper ( see â€Å"Framework of MTSS-Tiered Learning† ) . In its current geographic expedition and acceptance phase, Ottawa High School is be aftering on utilizing the MAP appraisal as the territory universal screener for pupils. The MAP appraisal determines the lexile or reading degree of pupils. The appraisal will be given to the first-year category at the beginning of the 2012-13 school twelvemonth. Students who do non run into the 9th class reading degree will be identified as necessitating Tier 2 or 3 intercession. Currently, disposal has isolated the AIMSweb as the CBM that is to be used as the advancement monitoring appraisal in the school. Administration is presently weighing options on direction possibilities for Tier 2 and 3 intercessions. As mentioned, the school is be aftering on utilizing the LINCS vocabulary as a school-wide vocabulary option ( R. Cobbs, personal communicating, November 30, 2011 ) . Students are non needfully â€Å"stuck† in Tiers in MTSS. The end of MTSS is to guarantee the academic and behavioural success of every pupil, and the intercession Sessionss are to be intensive, dynamic personal businesss to supply aid when needed. The end of Ottawa High School is to acquire pupils from Tier 3 to Tier 2 and theoretically Tier 1 degrees. The end for Tier 1 pupils is to acquire their peculiar accomplishment deficiencies back to the Tier 1 degree. Once pupils have reached Tier 1 degrees, the intercessions end, although follow-up cheques and appraisals can be used ( R. Cobbs, personal communicating, November 30, 2011 ) . Guaranting the Success of Multi-System of Supports As a systematic, school-wide betterment enterprise, MTSS should non be viewed as â€Å"another manner to place pupils for particular instruction or every bit merely another manner to place pupils for particular instruction or as one department’s responsibility† ( Harlacher & A ; Siler, 2011 ) . MTSS is a alteration in the manner pedagogues approach pupils and pupil acquisition. As antecedently stated, instructors are no longer isolated in their single â€Å"silos† in the MTSS theoretical account. The attack encourages faculty-wide aid and buy-in to guarantee its success. MTSS and other theoretical accounts of RTI â€Å"is viewed as a comprehensive, embedded procedure that involves the engagement and coaction of every individual in the building† ( Hughes & A ; Dexter, n.d. ) . Teachers can go progressively defeated or apathetic about MTSS and RTI if they merely go through the gestures and do non per se believe in the motion. Ikeda et. Al. ( 2007 ) province that â€Å"although some schools implemented patterns associated with RTI good, they did non incorporate the belief system associated with it.† Ultimately, the pedagogues must retrieve this chief mantra: pedagogues must retrieve what is best for the pupils. If the traditional manners of instruction and school betterment are non assisting our pupils win, pedagogues must set aside their comfort degrees and buy-in to the MTSS theoretical account if their territories decide to implement it. Harlacher and Siler ( 2011 ) province that â€Å"†¦part of the buy-in procedure should include an apprehension that extra support is provided earlier, is more targeted to students’ demand compared to old theoretical accounts of service bringing, and that the end of any intercession or instructional scheme is to rectify the identified problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Besides, MTSS and RTI are non â€Å"fixed models† as schools can accommodate the theoretical account contextually to run into their demands. The theoretical account does include extra attempt and work from instructors, but it does non necessitate instructors and territories to hold to develop extra resources in order to do it win. The intercessions and instructional schemes required with MTSS are provided by already bing resources within the territory. ( R. Cobbs, personal communicating, November 30, 2011 ) . For illustration, communicating between disposal and module can help pupils if there are structural alterations of MTSS reading execution within a school. Administration and module can place if group sizes need to be adjusted ; altering the frequence of progress-monitoring appraisals ; increasing instructional clip for Tier 2 or 3 degrees of support and altering the course of study ( Mercier Smith et. al. , 2009 ) . Finally, in order to make a sustainable clime of civilization for MTSS execution, important leading and a clear focal point of vision is required. The undermentioned non-negotiable points are required to farther guarantee success of MTSS: a territory leading squad if MTSS is territory driven ; active engagement of edifice decision makers in the territory leading squad ; members from the territory leading squad demand to hold authorization over territory direction and appraisals ; lucidity that MTSS is being implemented to help all pupils ; and execution of MTSS in all content countries must be supported by all school staff members ( Kansas Department of Education, 2011 ) . Decision Changing times in society require alteration in the educational system. For many pupils, traditional signifiers of instruction and traditional school betterment programs do non run into the demands of the diverse manners of acquisition of today’s pupils. If pupils are to truly â€Å"not be left behind† , they need a school betterment program that enables every kid to larn by placing the demands of each pupil. MTSS, through system-wide direction, intercession and aid, provides that single support that every pupil deserves in our schools today.

Are Deaf or Hearing Impaired People More Susceptible to Mental Illnesses?

American Sign Language Are deaf or hard of hearing people more susceptible to mental illnesses? The ability to communicate is at the heart of good mental health. Within any large group of people, one may expect to find a smaller group with mental health issues. However, in addition to conquering the difficulties associated with the inability to effectively communicate, individuals in the deaf community must also attempt to find mental health facilities that can accommodate their special circumstances. With all the challenges that face these individuals, it would come to no surprise to learn whether they are more prone to mental health problems than hearing individuals. First, any diagnoses of any mental health issue in the United States comes from one book, the DSM IV- the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version IV. This bible of the mental health field is separated into five sections, though the first two are most prevalent in the studies to follow. The first section is Axis I, listing and describing the Clinical disorders including major mental disorders and learning disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, ADHD, and bipolar disorder. Axis II lists Personality disorders such as paranoid personality disorder and dependent personality disorder, and mental retardation. In diagnosing children with sensory problems it is important to remember that early onset of significant hearing impairment can have a profound effect on the child’s development, with adverse consequences for mental health, both in childhood and adult life. 0% of deaf children born to hearing parents risk developmental delays in language and vocabulary, resulting in consequences in emotional, psychological, and educational growth (du Feu, 2003). In the past, these consequences manifested themselves in lower expectations for deaf children, and difficulties in teaching them led to the absence of correctly diagnosing mild learning disabilities, attention de ficit disorder, and even autism. The children’s behaviors were instead attributed to their deafness. As a result, deaf children have an increased prevalence of mental health problems, 45-50% ersus an average of 25% for the general population. Interestingly enough, deaf children from deaf families do not show this increased level of mental health problems (du Feu, 2003). Because hearing loss so readily interferes with the acquisition of vocabulary, the mean English literacy of deaf high school graduates is at the 4. 5 grade level. (Reed, 2006) To compound this problem, a great many deaf people are not fluent in American Sign Language either, leaving the individual with a gross inability to communicate in general. Or, assuming the deaf person knows at least some ASL, written sentences may be choppy, incomplete, written in ASL syntax versus English grammar, and therefore may be misleading to the physician. Many mental help providers mistake normal language and communication issues for developmental delays, mental illness or mental retardation. However, misdiagnosing a non-fluent deaf person as psychotic is just as prevalent as mistaking psychosis as merely poor communication. The fear of being misdiagnosed due to language and cultural differences is one reason why deaf people may be reluctant to seek treatment for a mental health problem. Early studies found that schizophrenia was more common in deaf individuals than hearing people; however, the redirection of diagnoses from schizophrenia to adjustment disorders and organic problems occurred as the diagnostic process became more accurate and clearly defined (Black, 2006). In addition, deaf people are far less likely to be diagnosed with psychotic diagnoses if they are served in a deaf psychiatric program versus the mainstream population; understandably, those specific deaf psychiatric programs are not always readily available in the individual’s vicinity. Another reason deaf people may hesitate to seek treatment for mental disorders is the lack of providers who have knowledge of ASL and how it differs from English as well as the basics about deaf education and development (Pollard, 2010). Mental health providers must also learn deaf culture to differentiate what can be considered normal behavior in a deaf patient. For instance, a deaf person may stomp loudly on the floor to gain one’s attention; behavior that would be considered aggressive by hearing tandards but accepted as quite normal in a deaf community. Deaf people are also very animated in their â€Å"talk†, relying on vivid display of expression and strong emotion to convey their feelings. These theatrics which are a normal part of ASL and deaf language are considered unnecessary in the general hearing public. Energetic signing may make people appear to be excitable or aggressive. Deaf people’s eye contact, use of personal space and way of touching others t o gain attention may all be misinterpreted as they can appear direct or intrusive. du Feu, 20063) Clinicians often labeled rapid signing as a symptom of psychotic behavior rather than the change of mood that was actually indicated by the patient. (Reed, 2006) Deaf patients were more often misunderstood than correctly diagnosed, leading to unnecessary and sometimes potentially harmful treatment and even detainment. â€Å"If I can’t trust my local mental health center to offer me someone who’s competent to deal with me, why should I go? † (Pollard, 2010) More recent studies, though admittedly not â€Å"experts† in completely understanding the deaf culture and language, have had more reliable results in the prevalence of mental disorders among the deaf. The frequency of mental illness among deaf people is at least as high as in the population at large. (Mueller, 2006) Findings also reveal the rate of Axis I disorders (depression, psychotic disorders) does not differ between hearing and deaf populations, including schizophrenia, but Axis II (personality disorders, mental retardation) and childhood behavior problems are three to six times more prevalent for deaf persons. The high rate of personality disorders may be related to attachment difficulties in some hearing families with deaf children. Deaf children and adolescents exhibit higher levels of behavioral and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders than the general population. (Haskins, 2000) Posttraumatic stress disorder is noted as being the most common diagnosis found in the deaf community. (Mueller, 2006) Deaf patients are also less likely to be diagnosed with psychotic or substance abuse disorder and more likely to be diagnosed with a mood, anxiety, or developmental disorder than members of the hearing population. However, providers still have limited knowledge of deafness or deaf culture which continues to seriously impact the ability to accurately assess and/or diagnose. (Mueller, 2006) While the hearing population can open a phone book and choose one of many, many providers to seek treatment for their problems, the deaf community has very little options. Aside from the difficult task of finding a signing counselor, one may allow an interpreter to accompany in the in the intensely personal session; that may also prove uncomfortable for the deaf patient and the interpreter, and it may skew the relationship with the clinician. In the past, therapists believed deaf people showed a low incidence of depression; in reality, it is more likely that the deaf just choose not to seek help. In addition to the challenges presented in childhood and adulthood for deaf patients, they must continue on their journey into retirement and beyond, frequently becoming more and more isolated as medical conditions start to accumulate with old age. Few residential or nursing homes or psychogeriatric services have experience with deaf people who sign. In conclusion, I’ve proven my theory that deaf people are more susceptible to some mental health issues due to the obstacles faced everyday with communicating with others. Correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, however, are both difficult steps to the rehabilitation process. In research for this project, I learned of a 28 year old deaf woman who was born to hearing parents. The parents were advised early on not to learn to sign, and to discourage her from learning as well. Instead, they tried to have an instructor teach her the oral method, at least initially. Extremely unhappy, the girl developed behavior problems in childhood that increased in adolescence and carried over to early adulthood. She tried to socialize at the local deaf club but only knew a little ASL. She was barely literate, unable to hold a job or have a satisfying life. Upon eventual hospitalization, she was hostile and withdrawn. Frustrated at being unable to communicate with her, the woman’s parents asked the intake person to sign to the woman that they loved her. The woman signed the bitter response that she had wasted her entire childhood trying to learn to speak and her parents had not spent a single hour learning to sign. (du Feu, 2003) Ignorance isn’t always bliss. Bibliography Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, Margaret du Feu, 2003, volume 9, pp95-103 Deaf People: Mental Illness; Mental Illness in the Deaf Community: Increasing Awareness and Identifying Needs, Sandra Mueller, 2006, www. lifeprint. com Serving and Assessing Deaf Patients; Implications for Psychiatry, B. Haskins, Psychiatric Times, December 2000, volume XVII, Issue 12 Demographics, Psychiatric Diagnoses, and Other Characteristics of North American Deaf and Hard of Hearing Inpatients, Patricia Black, Riverview Psychiatric Center, jdsde. oxfordjournals. org Interview with Robert Pollard, Ph. D. , Professor of Psychiatry at University of Rochester and director of Deaf Wellness Center, 2010, www. healthbridges. info Mental Health Issues in the Deaf Community, Kimberly Reed, About. com guide 2006 bipolar. about. com/od/socialissues/a/000425_deaf. htm

Work in partnership

Work in partnership in health and social care or children and young peoples settings. Explain the Importance of partnership working with: Colleagues Other professionals Others Working in partnership with other colleagues and professionals is detrimental in being able to provide a service fit for need as It helps promote team working which I believe motivates a team to work well and excel them. It also helps every person involved in providing the service aware of all obstacles that could arise and any outcomes to achieve or have been achieved.Within a children's setting it can also elf build positive environments for children to be in and this would help a child or young person settle better into a new environment so that you are able to assess a person or child and manage tasks efficiently. It helps creates a safe environment to share Information as nearly all professionals update themselves with technology, information can now be sent password protected Vela a encrypted system which deters others from being able to access a person's private information by a secure connection.Sharing information about a person can help the smooth running of a arrive as it enables all involved to be fully aware of each person's position and remit and allows others to know who to approach for feedback or guidance. Working In partnership with others I. E. Family members or careers helps with the smooth running of a service, as family members hold a lot of Information past and present about a person which can be used to build a care plan. Family are often keen to assist with service provision for a person and by working in partnership with them it creates positives relationships.You can put a person's mind at ease with regard to the level of support a person may need. If it is a child or young person a parent or guardian would need much reassurance to know that they are leaving the child In safe capable hands therefore It Is Imperative that pre assessments are carried out. We have in the past used an informal interview process for new services for a person who may have either complex or long term needs I. E. A waking night service. We would before the service is due to start we would set up an informal meeting at the clients home and arrange for 3-4 people to go and meet the client their family or NOOK.This would allow them to put any questions forward and explain specific tasks ND how they should be carried out. It also helps as when the service does start the person coming to assist Is not a stranger. This In turn helps a nook, guardian, parent or family member enjoy their respite without fear of the person not being able to manage. This has worked well on many occasions and this is something we intend to keep as a way of matching the correct care support assistant to the person who needs support.Partnership working can help to deliver better outcomes for all health and social care professionals from a commissioning, performance management, service delivery and arrive improvement purpose. As we move forward with new legislation and processes it is important to deliver person centered care. This means we need range of expertise, knowledge and experience in order to deliver the best possible service for an individual. From the outset we are able to use the information gathered from social worker assessment, hospital discharge letters care plans and risk assessment to produce a plan tailored for a specific person.For example we currently have client who requires support from a team of Care Support Assistants, District Nurse Teams and mental health community team. By working in partnership we are able to get up to date information and guidance on the person's condition and how to manage it from a professional point of view. We work well with arranging our service delivery around the schedule for the District Nurse's therefore we book out daily visits either before or after their due to attend for two reasons.We found that when we attended for a review meeting and there were too many people in the property this caused panic and distress to the service user it was agreed by all that any visits would be made by appointment only and by 2 people maximum, also due to the high demand ND limited resources District Nurse teams have, it worked well by planning our visits to a different time to their arrival so that they were not kept longer than they needed to be and vice versa for our staff.There is a Joint log book left in the property for any concerns or follow up actions to be taken and this is signed once the action has been acknowledged or completed. We worked with the service user to make this plan to minimize disruption and undue distress to him as by not following this plan could lead to a setback in his recovery which in turn would mean outcomes would not be met. Therefore in this instance and for most it shows that partnership working is how we proceed to working to ensure that outcomes are met efficiently and if t his cannot be achieved how we change our methods to enable achieved outcomes.Explain how to overcome barriers to partnership working. There can be many barriers to partnership working and most commonly arise due to a lack of experience, lack of time and a disregard for importance. Others include a lack of trust especially when it comes to children. There are many parents who initially will put a barrier up to professionals as they tend to feel that strangers are miming in to their home to tell them how to be a parent or how to look after their child. A good way of overcoming this barrier is to build a relationship with the family first, listen to the incidents, issues or concerns they have.By supporting them through the crisis/difficult time will build trust within the circle and helps them to make informed choices in a relaxed environment. Acknowledging each other's expertise for example a parent will feel they know their child better than any other person which is correct however a professional will have seen a child similar to the en they have been allocated to many times therefore with their Joint expertise this family unit not to criticism them and this can lead to positives outcomes and overcome barriers in partnership working.For adults it can be easier to break through these barriers especially if it is to support a person who has capacity. By speaking to them to conduct assessments you get to build a good idea of a person's character, need and attitude toward a service. It allows you to build a rapport with someone share stories and common interests if any. This can be relationship building. I recently had this experience with a service. I was contacted privately by a husband and wife who have physical disabilities, they are wheelchair and housebound without assistance.Upon speaking to Mrs. x it was clear she had some bad experiences with other providers. I decided to visit them in their home to get a broader picture of the service they wanted and pro blems they had in the past to try and work out how improve their opinions of care providers. Upon speaking to them it was clear that although they both have medical conditions that reduce their ability to be fully independent they were not totally incapacitated. They wanted to be treated s adults not children or elderly people who were not able to fend for themselves.They had social needs Just the same as those who are fully independent for example going to the cinema and shopping. Mr. x is a keen football fan and liked talking about sports. I believed I had gained some thrust and set about finding the ideal person to provide their service. We have had the service for approximately 1 year and in that time we have had to make changes to care workers who did not work out but the current Care Support Assistant has been with since February 2014 and all communication with Mr. and Mrs. is positive.It is in agreement that planned absences require a second and third person to cover their se rvice and shadowing the regular Care Support Assistant always takes place. By working together closely for those 3 months and investing my time in to rebuilding their opinion I feel I have worked in partnership with them and succeeded in overcoming the initial barriers that were there. Explain own role and responsibilities in working with colleagues. My role as the Service Team Leader/ Registered Manager firstly has a legal responsibility to ensure that everyone who is in receipt of a service is kept safe from risk, harm and abuse.It is my Job to ensure that all staff are fully equipped with knowledge and training to go into the field and demonstrate that they are able and suitable for the role they have been appointed to. It is my role to supervise the office staff to give guidance and support where necessary. Set tasks on week by week basis according to the needs of the business. I take the lead on any complaint or safeguarding referral we may receive and investigate. I am respons ible for the petty cash kept on site and to provide our accounts team each month of the breakdown of money spent.It is my duty to complete supervisions and appraisals for office and lied staff, maintain a good working relationship with local authorities. Providing my seniors with a monthly KIP report. Keep a professional boundary with all staff and service users. These are an example of what is expected of me in my role however I out of hours service on a Rota basis, provide all induction training for new applicants as well as refresher training for existing members of staff. Evaluate own working relationship with colleagues.To evaluate my own work I need to be able to request positive or negative criticism as to how I may have handled a situation so that I can learn from the experience and improve for next time. I need to be able to self evaluate and not Just rely solely on another persons opinion. By doing a self analysis I am able to pick up what my strengths and weaknesses are t o be improved. This can also help with the quality of my work and setting myself targets to achieve to feel a great sense of completion helps motivate me which in turn passes on a positive working environment on to my team to help all of us excel.I feel presently as I am very open and honest with all my staff and my approachable manor I feel that I am able to communicate well my expectations of how I believe the service should be run and this is passed on to field Taft and rarely do I feel I need to display any negative comments on to the team. We communicate by text and email with our field staff and I often send out messages of gratitude to those have worked well over weekends as there are many issues that could prevent a service running smoothly.I feel that by appreciating my staff at any level I have formed good working relationships however there is always a need for improvement. Explain own role and responsibility in working with other professionals. It is my role to build rel ationships with outside organizations such as local authorities, district nurse teams, hospital teams and social work teams. I take the lead with all safeguarding investigations and work with the professionals involved in resolving the issues raised.Although it is my duty to take the lead I expect my office to be able to share the responsibility to an extent for example if I am away from the office for any reason I. E. Annual leave or sickness, I expect the rest of the team to be able to conduct an initial investigation to gather facts and provide a summary of the incident or concern raised so that I can take over on return. I feel that this does not emit the office to one way of working or delay important tasks. It can also help promote personal development to enable a Junior member of staff to gain experience in order to progress either within or outside of our organization.It is my role to attend all contract meetings to discuss possible issues within our service or for feedback to passed back to our staff to give thanks appreciation for something we did well. Evaluate procedures for working with professionals. The procedure for working with other professionals remains the same across the board. Every person is expected to treat all they come into contact with, with respect, e adhered to at all times and personal information is not being discussed with those outside of the professional circle. Information relating to a person or child should be shared on a need to know basis and as agreed.Each professional is responsible for their own department and are expected to deal with matters as they arise within agreed timescales. Professionals are expected to work together to obtain the best possible outcomes in the safest way. Each person has a duty of care to protect those they care for from being subjected to any form of harm or abuse and to port any concerns to a senior person or to a care management team within a local authority. Professional opinions should b e sought from specialist teams before partaking in any task that could potentially cause concern.For example the procedure for reporting any concern or information regarding one of our clients from the local authority is to write a detailed email containing all the facts we have at hand. We then send this to the placements and brokerage email who are regarded as our contact team within this borough. This is sent via a secure website with password protection. They will then forward on to the relevant social work team in order for this to be either recorded or dealt with. We then if need be wait for a response and a resolution to the query and work together to reach an outcome.Analyses the importance of working in partnership with others. It is extremely important to work in partnership with others as every person wants the best level and quality of care for the person they are dealing with, acting on behalf of or have a personal relationship I. E. Parent, child, guardian NOOK. I feel the best outcome sought by all is the wellbeing, safety and happiness of the person or child who requires support. There is also a level of consistency for not only you but for the person or child you are supporting.Children need consistency especially if you are supporting a child who has autism. Children who live with this condition require a huge amount of support. They do not adapt well to change and require routine to help them have a good quality of life and experience. By not working in partnership with others it would not be possible to build and establish relationships, improve service delivery and help the child transition well to an adult. For an elderly person working in partnership helps them have a better quality of life by having a nit of support who know their needs and are familiar to them.By working in partnership it allows every person you support to access to different activities and support. It is also good to surround yourself and your settings with profession als from all backgrounds and groups and to create relationships so you can use, learn and share resources and experience to achieve outcomes. Evaluate procedures for working with others. Professionals. The main requirement is be honest, communicative and detailed in every aspect. It is important to seek consent and permission from the person or a hill guardian, parent or NOOK you are supporting before any tasks procedure or assessment takes place.It is important that you involve others in the care planning process in order to achieve the outcomes as they know themselves or their loved one best to know their strengths, weaknesses and desires to a service delivery. You are expected to treat others with respect and dignity. As part of our pre-employment paperwork all staff office and field base are expected to sign and adhered to the dignity promise. Continued regular monitoring and supervision ensures that others are adhering and receiving all aspects of the dignity promise.That any c oncern raised will be dealt with efficiently and professionally. It is more common for others to become upset and angry and may fall from treating people with respect. However this does not absolve a professional from completing their task, but it does mean that an increased sense of awareness needs to be adopted so that all can remain safe. We previously had a service user that all we was required to do was support him in taking his medication. Unfortunately his wife suffered with Dementia and she would often try and attack staff and make accusation that they were trying make her husband ill.After working with family the service user himself and other professionals it was decided that this call would be attended by two care workers. Although it did not require 2 care workers to support him to take the medication, the second care worker was sent in to distract his wife so that the first care worker could safely support him. This was due to all involved wanting the outcome to be safe . Mr. x was less anxious about the distress it caused upsetting his wife and being concerned for his own health if he did not receive his medication. We continued to monitor this new approach and all feedback was positive.

Drugs policyand the intellectuals by william j bennett Article

Drugs policyand the intellectuals by william j bennett - Article Example Bennett argues that taking the money making aspect out of the drug problem will not solve anything, that legalized marijuana would make school more difficult for students, and that intellectuals have a generalized distain for law enforcement in general. However, most of Bennett’s arguments are guilty of being oversimplified in the same way that he accuses contradictory arguments to be as well. Upon examination, his arguments do not really hold up to close scrutiny. Bennett argues that part of the idea behind legalizing drugs would be to remove the money making incentive that comes with them. He states that very few drug dealers actually make money, and that more often than not drug dealers need another source of income to supplement their income because their drug habits grow much too large. To an extent this is true. Drug dealers that are on the lower rungs of the system often have habits that they spend most of their money feeding. This is why they are and will remain on the lower rungs. However, the people who are in the higher levels of the drug dealing business are able to achieve that status because they know enough to stay off of drugs in the first place. Any drug dealer who is actually able to make money at dealing drugs does not do the drugs themselves. People that are higher up in the chain distribute drugs all the way down to the lower rungs, and if they money making incentive is taken away from the people who grow and produce the d rugs, then this will be a good deterrent for those people. If the people in the higher rungs don’t have the incentive, then they will not be distributing the drugs down to the lower rungs who disseminate the drugs to a larger area. As we can see, Bennett’s argument against removing the incentive was merely short-sighted and oversimplified. After this argument, Bennett states that legalizing drugs will lead to a highly increased level of drug usage among the general population. The argument that

Legalizing Marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Legalizing Marijuana - Research Paper Example Although there are many voices and opinions about this topic, the legalization of the drug could support a more stable criminal justice system and prevent the consequences of arrest on citizens that far outweigh the nature of the crime. In understanding the argument for the legalization of marijuana, one must first understand what aspects of the drug is relevant to legalization. The cannabis plant is one of the oldest cultivated varieties of plants in the history of the world. There is evidence that shows that the plant was used for both clothing manufacture and for its intoxicating effects, but there is also some evidence to show that it was grown for its food potential as well (Green, 2002, p. 10). The plant has an Asian origin, although scientists have been unable to determine a specific origin as the long history of the plant defies the ability of research to trace it back to an origin. ` The cannabis plant has many uses that go beyond just the use of the leaves as an intoxicant. Henry Ford made a prototype of a vehicle using hemp (the fiber derived from the plant) based plastics for the body which turned out to be stronger than steel. He was also working on a hemp based oil product for fuel (Green, 2002, 17). Hemp fibers can be used to create natural The drug has an infamous quality as there have been tales and myths reported from the results of usage of the intoxicant. From the 13th century there are writings from Marco Polo about a Persian ruler who had disciples who committed religiously motivated murder who were inspired by the use of cannabis. There is a similar contemporary tale of Shiites who recruit assassins who are users of the drug. In a similar vein, there are stories of African white land owners addicting the Bushmen of the area to marijuana as a means of controlling them (Roffman, 2006, p. 6). All these tales describe the worst imaginable horrors that can be

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING REPORT FOR New Zealand Essay - 2

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING REPORT FOR New Zealand - Essay Example CT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Russel NORMAN and Metiria TUREI]; Mana Party [Hone HARAWIRA]; Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Dr. Pita SHARPLES]; New Zealand National Party [John KEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party [Phil GOFF]; Jim Andertons Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future New Zealand [Peter DUNNE] (CIA) Blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation. (CIA) Consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987 Domestic:Â  combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons; International:Â  New Zealand code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations – 8(CIA) Asking for the approval of government is the appropriate way for starting a business. A business should also take care of its location, which should not over crowd the commercial area. (International Business Center) It is difficult to conduct business in New Zealand, as the people are very cautious of the reputation and product quality of the company. For new brands it is harder to win public interest and loyalty. (Tourism New

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 16

Report - Essay Example Given that human labor is the main driving force towards attaining the core objectives of an institution, it is mandatory to ensure that they are acquainted with the skills and expertise needed to deliver quality services that meet the divergent needs of the international market. Recent research as documented by theorist Bassnet (2010) in his book: Statistical Data Analysis has sufficiently demonstrated that only about 25% of corporate business organization undertake regular capacity building through on-job training, workshops, international conferences and seminars that are geared towards instilling new insight and relevant skills within the labor force (Bassnet, 2010). The HR Director has been on the run to diagnose the cause of underperformance among a section of its employees and it has become eminent that the majority of them lack the required skills to match the current needs of consumers and meet the internationally set standards in the industry, demonstrating the scope of the study. The best practice relating to employee performance lies in the ability of the human resource department to diagnose the problem and identify the specific areas that are lacking; and require reinforcement and empowerment to meet the needs of the organization. This ensures that there is a holistic growth in the organization and that all departments work cohesively together to realize high productivity and remain competitive in the industry. When one department lags behind, the whole system’s performance is essentially affected hence the need to ensure that all the sectors work optimally without one derailing the activities of the other due to incompetence and lack of capacity to deliver. According to McGeorge (2010, p. 121), capacity building fundamentally entails equipping the labor force with the technical know-how in as far as their duties and responsibilities

Fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Fear - Essay Example However, I can now attest that my most terrifying experiences of fear began with just one disturbing adventure in house cleaning that I had. At that time fear entered my heart never to leave again. This first fear experienced in early childhood now seems to have permanently scarred my mind with the shock, never to be undone. While it has now been over 30 years, I remember the event as if it were yesterday. Even writing about it now sends a chill thorough me and I can feel my flesh crawl just thinking about it. This all happened when I had just turned 8 years old. There was a cleaning trip to what I had heard was a haunted house. My cousins had been there and talked about it for many weeks prior and I wanted to see it for myself so I volunteered to help my family clean out this spooky old house which they had inherited. It had been closed for several years and was filled with junk, dust, and mold. My parents did not want me to go, they said I was too young for such work and would probably just slow them down. My cousin, Peter, who was only a year older, was already going to go and I thought that it was just unfair of them not to allow me the same experience of exploring this house. I was not really much of a tomboy, but I really wanted to see this place and see if there were ghosts there. So, I grabbed a broom and dustpan and proceeded to the car, my parents shook their heads and gave in to me, since they knew I was headstrong and would sulk for weeks if I did not get my way, a trait I som etime exhibit to this day, much to the chagrin of most of my friends and family. We arrived at the house in the early morning; the sun was casting long shadows from the banana trees that surrounded the property and the shadow of the house itself folded over us as we parked the car. There was a slight mist in the air and a cool chill, my mother was right as usual I should have worn a sweater, but I did not want to get it dirty. The front of the house had a

Learning and Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning and Memory - Essay Example Thus, depending upon the length of the material, I was able to devote reading 1-3 chapters per week considering that there are other materials in the other subjects to study for. Before moving on the next week, I reviewed the week’s material so this can facilitate retention. There are times when I had reviewed the materials only once; but frequently, I had reviewed them more than twice because I learned in this course that information can be easily recalled if it is rehearsed more often. I consider this class as different from other classes, so it required me to study differently. I find this class difficult; but, I did not waver. I modified my pattern of studying to include a daily regimen of reading and mnemonics which is not usual in my other classes. It required me to be more reflective and understanding that is to understand the facets of the human brain. I have learned that long term potentiation â€Å"is the process by which synchronous firing of neurons  makes those  neurons  more inclined to fire together in the future† (Human-memory.net). I learned that when we are learning every now and then, the more it will be easier for the brain to function its cognitive processes since the neurons will be more activated thus giving off academic results for students. It is learned that the brain areas of the â€Å"thalamus and the frontal lobe† (Human-memory.net) are responsible for the process of laying down a memory. Once one wanted to recall the information–supposing that it has retained and processed in the long-term memory–for a test or some homework, the Hippocampus is involved. â€Å"Although the exact way in which these pieces are identified and recalled later remains largely unknown† (Human-memory.net). If the information has been encoded semantically, then it can be consolidated into a long term memory; however, if it has

The Unspoken Laws Essay Example for Free

The Unspoken Laws Essay The conceptualization of sexual, religious, and gendered borders has served to write the human standard of living and the societal roles that we have incorporated into our culture to accept as the social norm. These unspoken laws are the architecture to our socio-cultural environment. These laws represent the cement that has carefully bonded the male-female heteronormative gender role, the pre-inclined human morality given by religion, and sexual identity to be something that is easily definable by the masses. Arturo Islas in The Rain God defines Mexican culture by creating characters that exemplify and embody the stereotypes and the figurative borders of sexuality, religion, and gender. Throughout The Rain God Arturo Islas tells the story of the Angel family- a family made up of strong characters such as Miguel Grande and Mama Chona. Both Miguel Grande and Mama Chona strongly embody the female-male gender role while personifying the cultural borders that Miguel Chico encounters as he develops into an adult. Miguel Grande illustrates machismo as he is described as the traditional patriarch of the Angel Family. Mama Chona takes on the matriarch role that holds the Angel Family together all the while as she is conflicted to accept the Indigenous and Chicano identities that make her whole. Maria- the nursemaid is a symbol for the religious freedom Miguel Chico grows up searching for. She herself strays off Roman Catholicism and becomes a Seventh Day Adventist. Maria’s influences of another form of thinking impacts Miguel Chico as he furthers into interpreting the reality encircling his childhood. Arturo Islas carefully constructs the matriarch role in Hispanic culture as Mama Chona. Her character is a clear example of the generational struggle faced by Mother Chonas alike of other Mexican Families living in the Southwest Texas/ Mexico border seeking out lead their kin out of the â€Å"bad† life. Miguel Chico reminiscing over a family picture in his desk area describes, â€Å"Mama Chona is wearing a black ankle-length dress with a white lace collar and he is in a short-sleeved light colored summer suit with short pantsthe camera has captured them in flight from one world to the next.† (Islas, 3-4). This quote expatiates the generational gap faced between the Angel family and Miguel Chico. Narratively, it also serves as foreshadowing for Miguel Chico straining off the â€Å"correct† path, that is not staying and submitting to the very literal and figurative geographical borders of religion, sex, and gender found in the Southwest. Miguel Chico does this by earning his acceptance to a prestigious University, moving to San Fransisco, and becoming the free thinking individual that he is by heart. With traditional catholic point of views and a ridged sense of what sexuality is Miguel Grande refuses to accept any other form of raising his child, other than the one he’s been conditioned to accept throughout his lifetime. â€Å"‘Apologize to your father for playing with dolls,’ Juanita said to Miguel Chico. He did not understand why he needed to say he was sorry. When his father was not there, his mother permitted him to play with them.† (Islas, 16) Miguel Chico is the queer child who questions religion and the male role that is placed on him by his social environment. Arturo Islas crafts these polar identities to express the very literal border of culture and sexuality that Miguel Chico encounters and battles with as he matures into an adult. Whilst growing up nursemaid Maria attempts to instill the morals and allegories of a religious context into Miguel Chico. Although, Miguel Chico receives the religious barrage from both ends of the spectrum- the mother and the nursemaid, Miguel Chico questions the validity of the information he waveringly accepts at the time. â€Å"Miguel Chico learned that when he asked Maria a difficult question she would remain silent, then choose a biblical passage that illustrated the terrible power of God the Fathers wrath.† (Islas, 17). Moreover, Maria explores another branch of Christianity by being a Seventh Day Adventist, her influences of denying another religion impacts Miguel Chico and in the end lends to his rejection of religion over all, as he sees the influence of another interpretation of â€Å"truth†. Furthermore, as Miguel Chico walks through the journey of adulthood he becomes more aware of the social and personal constraints the borders of religion, sex, and gender present to his growth as an individual though throughout this time he accepts that he is a determinable extension of them both, Maria- the nursemaid and Mother Chona the Angel Familys Matriarch. â€Å"the way a seed continues to be part of a plant after it has assumed its own form which does not at all resemble its origin, but which nevertheless, is determined by it. He had survived severe pruning and wondered if human beings, unlike plants can water themselves.† (Islas, 25-26). Throughout the passage Miguel Chico asserts his independence from all the borders introduced by his family, the border that his persona has been forced to fit in in consequence of a socially accepted mold. Later in The Rain God it is learned that Mama Chona becomes ill. At this time Miguel Chico visits and is confronted with questions concerning his sexuality and relationship status, more significantly by his cousins. It is strange to them that he is neither married, nor in a stable relationship with a woman. Despite the suspicion behind his sexuality he verifies the value he has for knowledge. He conjures up the idea that perhaps he had survived the plucking of his personal growth to tell the stories of people similar to Maria and Mother Chona. Conclusively, Miguel Chico ascertains that he in fact does have a long way to go throughout his journey of self-discovery, along the way he pieces together the identity that makes him whole. These pieces all influenced by the characters in his life, significantly, Mother Chona and Maria. He accepts the fact he alike Mother Chona prefers to disregard facts to assume motives, although unlike Maria, Miguel Chico longed to look at persons and their motives separately from an â€Å"earthly, rather than otherworldly, point of view† (Islas, 28). Miguel Chicos future is undetermined at this point and he is okay with that reality but he now is comfortable with the concept that he does not have to live in the haziness of the garden he has been rooted to be part of. Miguel Chico can stray off the pre-determined path given to him and still be his own after appreciating the soil that nurtured him into the free thinking individual that he is. Works Cited Islas, Arturo. The Rain God: A Desert Tale. Palo Alto: Alexandrian, 1984. Print.

The Limitations Of Activity Based Costing Accounting Essay

The Limitations Of Activity Based Costing Accounting Essay ABC Costing is a modern costing technique that is used to determine the cost of the product for the management reporting purposes. ABC Costing System is a tool that is used in decision-making process. However, it has some certain limitations. ABC Costing System is very costly to implement and maintain in a manufacturing and serving departments. Data concerning numerous activity measures must be collected, checked, and entered into the system. Which raise the labor requirement and need to be scrutinized on activity basis? ABC costing systems produces the reports that are different from the profit and loss reports produced through traditional costing systems. As most of the companies are using traditional costing systems, so because of the difference in the costing basis the costing and financial reports of the two companies of the same industry could not be compared for performance evaluation purposes. Adaptability of ABC Costing System is not suitable for all kind of companies because small companies have not many resources to adapt it and have too many activities but size of transactions is too low.   Data Produced through ABC Costing System can easily misinterpret and can lead towards wrong decisions. So manager should use the data produced through ABC Costing System with extreme care and should assign the costs that are relevant to the products, customers and should not consider the other cost objects that are irrelevant. ABC costing system does not comply with the GAAP and a company has to produce its reports for internal and external purposes by using traditional and ABC costing system both at a time. In ABC costing system costs are allocated on the base of cost drivers and activities undertaken to manufacture the product, definitely, it provides the accurate and proper allocation of the costs to the products but there is a danger of over or under costing of the products when irrelevant cost drivers or activities are assigned to the products or services produced. Q2) Please explain the differences between FIFO and Weighted Average Method in the process industry. How are units accounted for?   How are costs accounted for?   In periods of low inflation what method would make a difference? From a TAX point of view, does it make a difference? Differences in Weighted Average and FIFO Costing Systems: The main difference between FIFO and Weighted Average Costing systems is the method of calculation of the inventory and cost of goods sold in process costing system. Valuation Method: In FIFO costing method, costing department assumes that the goods that are sold earlier are the goods that are brought earlier and so on. The cost of goods sold is calculated on the base of the sequence of goods brought and sold. In Weighted Average costing method, goods are valued on the base of total goods available for sale and ignore the sequence of their arrival in inventory and sales to the customer. Formula of the cost of goods available for sale or cost of sale is as follows: Cost of total available for Sales ($) Per Unit Cost of Goods Sold = Total No. Of Units available for Sales Suitability: FIFO method can only be used where inventory can be separated easily and the cost of the inventory can be determined like computer, vehicles and other industries of the same nature. Weighted Average Method is the most commonly used method and can be applicable in all industries but the organizations engaged in those products that could not be separated like oil; Natural Gas and LPG etc use particularly weighted average costing method. In calculation of units accounted for FIFO method consider the units started and completed in the current period only and the beginning work in process units and its cost remain separate and it is considered that the opening work in process units are completed first and then new units started and completed in the same time period and units costs are calculated separately for beginning work in process units and units started in current period. While in average costing method, equivalent production is calculated and based on equivalent production the cost of unit is determined and allocated to the production. Q3) Can you explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Standard Cost system? Advantages / Benefits of Standard Costing System: Standards are the key factors that are used in management by exception approach. If costs remain within the standards, managers would be satisfied and would concentrate at routine activities but if it across the standards then it would be an alarming situation for the managers and they would try to analyze the reasons of inefficiency. Standards are the targets that have been set by the management to achieve and they compare the actual performance of the employees with the standards. Standard costs simplify the book keeping process as well by charging the standard cost to the job or product and by making the adjusting entry of the variance at the end of the period. Standard costs fit naturally in an integrated system of responsibility accounting. The standards establish what costs should be, who should be responsible for them, and what actual costs are under control. Disadvantages / Problems / Limitations of Standard Costing System: Frequency of reporting the variance is too low that make the prà ©cised and useful data useless due to its release too late when it became out of date. Labour variances consists mainly on labour quantity standards and labour efficiency variances and in both variances it is assumed that the production is highly labour intensive and the factor of machines performance is ignored. There are some cases where a favourable variance can be as bad as or worse than an unfavourable variance i.e McDonalds has a standard for hamburger meat that should be in a Big Mac. A favourable variance would mean that less meat was used than standard specifies. The result is a substandard Big Mac and possibly a unsatisfied customer. In standards costing system, meeting the standards of production and cost efficiency has more importance and other factors like quality of the products and satisfaction of the customer have been ignored. In standard costing approach, the standards are considered the final destination and improvement process become very slow or stopped. Q4) Please explain the following:   NET PRESENT VALUE CONCEPT.If the NET Present Value is   Then the PROJECT ISPositive .Acceptable since it promises a return greater than the required rate of return! Net Present Value Approach: NPV is a technique used in the management accounting for the decision-making and covered under the head of capital budgeting. In NPV approach the present value of the net inflow and outflows are compared by taking the effect of inflation and other factors influencing the value of money. The present value of the cash outflow is adjusted against the present value of the inflows resulting from the investment and multiplying with the discount factor to equate it to the present value of this future inflow. Then the results are compared with the following table. If the net present value is Then the project is Positive Acceptable since it promises a return greater than the required rate of return Zero Acceptable, since it promises a return equal to the required rate of return. Negative Not acceptable, since it promises a return less than the required rate of return Q5) Please explain a comparison of the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return Methods. Which method do you like?   What are the strengths of each.   Comparison between NPV and IRR Method: In most of the conditions, Net Present Value Approach and Internal Rate of Return Method provide the same results. However, some times these present opposite results. When we compare both methods, we consider the mechanism working behind both techniques. In internal rate of return, a rate of return is calculated based on the future net income arising from the investment by using given formula: IRR = Initial Investment Net Income Then this required rate of return is compared with the required rate of return from investment, if IRR of the investment is greater than the required rate of return then the project is accepted otherwise the project is rejected. This method is much better than payback period and other old methods, because it considers the income of the projects to evaluate the project and also take account the inflows after the completion of payback period. In NPV method the present value cash outflow is matched with the present value of the cash inflows arising from the projects and if the NPV is positive then the project is accepted otherwise rejected. NPV Approach is better approach then IRR because IRR completely ignores the time value of the money and just consider the net income arising from the project whereas NPV is based on the time value of the money by considering the inflation factors. Q6) Managerial Accounting can work in many fields manufacturing and in the service industry. Provide some examples of how Managerial Accounting can work in your industry using some of the tools you learned in this course?   If in the Health Field, Could Relevant Costs be of use?   Application of Managerial Accounting: Managerial Accounting has equal application in the service and manufacturing industry as well. There are three major an aspect for which managerial accounting is widely used. Decision Making Products Pricing Performance Evaluation Decision Making: One of the most important functions of the management is to make the right and timely decisions for the development and security of the going concern status of an organization. This function is required in all kind of industries whether services or manufacturing. Managerial Accounting tools are used to provide the basis for comparison and making the accurate decisions. Product /Services Pricing: Every business has been established in order to earn some financial benefit and every business whether it deals in goods or services have to charge a price from its customers for the use of products or clients against the services provided. So managerial accounting tools and techniques would be used in order to determine the price of the goods or services to achieve the targeted profit. Performance Evaluation: Performance evaluation is required in all business areas and managerial accounting techniques would be used to evaluate the performance of a particular organization by comparing it with the same kind of industry or performance of the departments and businesses could be compared but all of these tasks are accomplished by the effective use of managerial accounting. Relevant costing techniques are used in all industries and have application in the health field as well. The price charged to the patients should be formulated by keeping the factors of relevance in mind and historical costs should be eliminated when there are surplus capacity is available.

Legal Opinion For 8th Social Studies :: essays research papers

Legal Opinion A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I picked the side of New Jersey in the New Jersey vs. T.L.O case. The reason I picked that side is because the girl whas smoking on school grounds and she was not allowed to do that. Another reason is the teacher that found the girl smoking had the right to bring her to the Principals office, because she had a reason to. Finally the girl denied smoking, she said she didn’t smoke and she probably would of got in less trouble if she told the truth. B.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A girl was caught smoking in a shcool bathroom. A teacher caught her and took her to the Principals office to be searched. The vice-principal found more than just cigarettes, they also found rolling papers, marijuana, a pipe, a large amount of cash, and an index card with a list of student names and amounts of money owed to her. The Juvenille Court prosecuted T.L.O for drug dealing. T.L.O ploted that the search was unconstitutional and was breaking her rights under the 4th amendment. Juvenille Court still thought that it was alright to search her bag because the school had a suspicious reason for commiting a crime. The case then went to the Supreme Court, they ruled that the school by any means had the right to search T.L.O C.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The New Jersey High School had the right to search T.L.O. The Fourth Amendment say’s that nobody has the right to search someone for no reason unless there is a probable cause. For that means the school had no reason to search the girl. The law for searching in a school is different. You are allowed to search only if you have a reason. For that means the school did have a reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The school also had the right to search the girl, because a teacher found the girl smoking in the bathroom, It clearly says that smoking was not allowed on school grounds. On top of that the girl lied about smoking. That makes everything worse for the girl. The teacher found the girl smoking in the bathroom, but T.L.O denied it, in the search the Vice-President found cigarettes. That has got to mean she smokes. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were the opposing view I would think the search was wrong because there was no probable cause  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and there was no evidence for her smoking.

Cultural Diversity and the Impossibility of a True Melting Pot Essay

Cultural Diversity and the Impossibility of a True Melting Pot The core standards of America are founded, in principle, on the basis of its diversity and equality among citizens. Begin- ning with its Declaration of Independence, the United States distinguished itself from other modern nation-states by establishing a country of men who were different but equal. Yet, despite the unifying images America projects within and beyond its borders, the idea behind E Pluribus Unum does not resound as one might assume it would. E Pluribus Unum was originally intended to be both a representation of the union of the thirteen colonies and an expression of the United States as a country formed by immigrants of many different backgrounds. Today, just the literal size of America would suggest the existence of a largely varied social atmosphere, even before one considers its influx of immigration from countries all over the world. In a way E Pluribus Unum-"out of many, one-is a contradiction. Many different cultures are represented within American citizenry and within the country's physical borders, and they remain distinctive. The outmoded idea of America as the "melting pot" has been replaced precisely because people are not going to disregard their first cultural traditions to adopt "American" ones. Rather, their differences tend to perpetuate separatist notions and delineate cultural groups as clearly as borders delineate the end of one country from the beginning of another. I believe that there are many advantages to embracing the diversity America has within its borders. Members of different cultures within the borders of one nation can benefit from each other, for example, by learning more about themselves through their varieg... ... I, too, have traveled outside of the United States and have discovered the advantages of being open to cultural differences. My experiences have allowed me to accept people on their own terms more easily than I would have were I not able to break out of my culture, even though only for a short period of time. I wish others could realize that cultural differences run only so deep-Middle Eastern Americans have as much pride for this nation as do Americans of non-Middle Eastern descent. Nevertheless, I remain confident that time will ameliorate problems associated with cultural difference. Notes 1. Name changed to ensure anonymity. 2. Name changed to ensure anonymity. 3. Elizabeth Fernea. Guests of the Sheik (New York: Anchor Books, 1969). 4. Ibid., 6. Bibliography Fernea, Elizabeth. Guests of the Sheik. New York: Anchor Books, 1969. Cultural Diversity and the Impossibility of a True Melting Pot Essay Cultural Diversity and the Impossibility of a True Melting Pot The core standards of America are founded, in principle, on the basis of its diversity and equality among citizens. Begin- ning with its Declaration of Independence, the United States distinguished itself from other modern nation-states by establishing a country of men who were different but equal. Yet, despite the unifying images America projects within and beyond its borders, the idea behind E Pluribus Unum does not resound as one might assume it would. E Pluribus Unum was originally intended to be both a representation of the union of the thirteen colonies and an expression of the United States as a country formed by immigrants of many different backgrounds. Today, just the literal size of America would suggest the existence of a largely varied social atmosphere, even before one considers its influx of immigration from countries all over the world. In a way E Pluribus Unum-"out of many, one-is a contradiction. Many different cultures are represented within American citizenry and within the country's physical borders, and they remain distinctive. The outmoded idea of America as the "melting pot" has been replaced precisely because people are not going to disregard their first cultural traditions to adopt "American" ones. Rather, their differences tend to perpetuate separatist notions and delineate cultural groups as clearly as borders delineate the end of one country from the beginning of another. I believe that there are many advantages to embracing the diversity America has within its borders. Members of different cultures within the borders of one nation can benefit from each other, for example, by learning more about themselves through their varieg... ... I, too, have traveled outside of the United States and have discovered the advantages of being open to cultural differences. My experiences have allowed me to accept people on their own terms more easily than I would have were I not able to break out of my culture, even though only for a short period of time. I wish others could realize that cultural differences run only so deep-Middle Eastern Americans have as much pride for this nation as do Americans of non-Middle Eastern descent. Nevertheless, I remain confident that time will ameliorate problems associated with cultural difference. Notes 1. Name changed to ensure anonymity. 2. Name changed to ensure anonymity. 3. Elizabeth Fernea. Guests of the Sheik (New York: Anchor Books, 1969). 4. Ibid., 6. Bibliography Fernea, Elizabeth. Guests of the Sheik. New York: Anchor Books, 1969.

Early Cold War :: essays research papers

Major Sources of Discord between the Bolsheviks and European States: 1917 to 1921   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were several major sources that created discord between the Bolsheviks and western states in Europe from 1917 to 1921. Conflicting ideologies that each attacked the very fabric of the other’s respective society led to the notion that capitalism and communism could not coexist. The attempts of both actors to hold control of their own political system and to expand their political ideas internationally led to major conflicts between them. Also, the lack of respect for the upstart Bolshevik government by the west led to misperceptions concerning the actions of the Soviets. Russia’s unsatisfactory involvement in World War I and their abrupt departure from the war which affected the western Allies war effort created much disenchantment between the two sides. The imperial and expansionist nature of both groups of actors led to conflict as the creation of both communist and non-communist blocs began with the independence of Poland as a free state in 1 919. By using the Communist party as a vehicle to inject Communism into societies abroad, the Bolsheviks began to make free countries take notice of the threat that the â€Å"worker’s party† presented and began to act in strong opposition of Communism. The actions of both sides began a race for an expansion of two different ideologies which created conflict so strong that in due time another World War seemed inevitable. The â€Å"Cold War† had begun.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fundamental difference between Russia and Europe was extremely contrasting views in ideology. The modernization of politics in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s had created similar political movements in both Europe and Russia meant to increase the authority of the masses over their own government. These movements replaced authoritarian regimes with political systems that were created to better the lives of the common people (Harris). Leading states of Europe such as France and Britain began to take the path of â€Å"social democracy† in which the working class would be given a voice through parliamentary elections (Harris). Also by organizing the proletariat through trade unions, social democracy allowed for collective bargaining to lead to improvements in working conditions, pay, benefits, and other factors that helped to limit the exploitation of lower class labor (Harris). On the other hand, the Bolshevik model for serving in the best i nterests of the common people was not to raise the level of the proletariat by giving them more rights and a stronger political voice, but to bring down the upper class that was exploiting them by destroying the caste system altogether.

Abraham Lincoln †Symbol of the unlimited possibilities Essay

There are few men whose characters are so extraordinary that they can be credited with saving a nation. The 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was one such man. More than one hundred years after his assassination, ‘Honest Abe’ as he has become known, shows no signs of losing his touch. He sits enshrined in his own monument with his famous words etched in stone around him. He commands respect, honour and the everlasting thanks of the American people. More than a thousand books have been published on his life and deeds. This is the man who not only freed the slaves but who held the nation together through the terror of the Civil War. His bloody assassination has become the nightmare scenario of legend. The myths that make up the story of Abraham Lincoln have been re-told many times. At their root is the story about the boy born into the Kentucky wilderness, who had less than a year in total of formal schooling. That same boy went on to become America’s most famous President. Lincoln’s rise from a poor pioneer family who taught himself to become a lawyer is the story of the American dream. From state legislator to his nomination as Presidential candidate that dream is the stuff of legends. He has become a symbol of the unlimited possibilities of American life. To appreciate the bravery and the courage that Lincoln undoubtedly showed, it is not enough to say that he saved the Union. Neither is it enough to say that he braved his critics to bring in emancipation and to end the appalling slave trade. To fully understand Lincoln’s achievements, is to try and gain an insight into American society of that time. The republic was only a matter of a few decades old. In this melting pot of nationhood and states, political feelings ran high. Lincoln, above all, saw himself and his countrymen as inheritors of a sacred trust. He believed that democracy was entrusted into his hands an d those of his countrymen. He was prepared to stand up and fight for those beliefs. The fact is as laudable as these sentiments were, there could not possibly have been a more difficult time to try and put them into practice. The issue of slavery above all others dominated the day. It would split both politics and the country as a whole. Abraham Lincoln was not in two minds about slavery. He found it abhorrent. The fact is that many states, primarily in the North, stood against slavery. Many in the South did not. They were afraid that a Republican President effectively from the North would try and abolish slavery throughout the nation. Lincoln was elected President for his first term in 1860 at the point when a huge part of the Union, threatened to break away over the issue of slavery. The situation was for Lincoln neither a reason for secession nor Civil War. In his inaugural address he spoke about the need to find a peaceful way forwards. In spite of Lincoln’s plea, the Confederacy broke away and on March 4 1861 and the country erupted into the Civil War he had feared above all else. That scenario was a nightmare of complications and strategies that had to be won inside a cauldron of dissent. There was no road map. There were no precedents for dealing with states that had succeeded. Lincoln was at heart and by trade, a lawyer. He was not a soldier. However he did not flinch from his duty, or from the task in front of him. Where lesser men might have lost heart, Lincoln began the long struggle towards unity and reunification. When he judged that the time was right, he announced the abolition of the slave trade, issuing the emancipation proclamation on January 1st 1863. The war took a heavy toll. Lincoln mourned the tragedy of lives lost on the battlefield. His speech after the battle of Gettysburg on November 19th 1863 is one of the most moving and famous of all elegies for fallen soldiers. In spite of high casualties and falling morale, when Atlanta finally fell to the Union, Lincoln was re-elected for a second term. Lincoln’s second inaugural address is according to some, one of the greatest of all his speeches. In it, he looks forwards not only to the coming end of the war but also towards the future. His plea should never be forgotten, ‘Malice towards none: Charity towards all’. Part of Abraham Lincoln’s legacy is the fact that he was very much a human figure. We know many details of his life including that of his courtship and quiet marriage to Mary Todd. Theirs was tender and loving relationship scarred by loss and tragedy. Of the four sons born to them, only one grew into adulthood. The quiet and loving home life the president enjoyed was in stark contrast to the violence and hatred that was tearing the nation apart. After the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomatox on April 9 1865, a weary nation waited to see what Lincoln’s res ponse would be. An expectant crowd gathered outside the White House. Lincoln addressed them for the last time. In his speech he tackled the thorny issues of reuniting a country split by war. In that same speech he talked about the rights of freed slaves. He now talked openly about black suffrage. Listening in that crowd was one John Wilkes Booth, a racist and a Confederate who vowed that this would be Lincoln’s last speech. Indeed it was. Booth assassinated the President on April 14th 1865. Mary his wife was sitting beside her husband as they watched a play. She was holding his hand as he was shot. She never recovered fully from his death. It was a death that Lincoln himself had reportedly foreseen in a dream some three days earlier. The assassination of Lincoln stunned the nation. His body was mourned for three weeks at it was toured through the cities of the North. Public grief was immense for perhaps the most extraordinary figure in political history. Today the image of the gaunt tall and severe man is as familiar to us as our own father’s. Indeed to many, Abraham is the Father figure of America. We can only hope, like so many before us that we too can live up to the vision and the dreams that he left for us. Behind his statue lie the famous words of the Gettysburg address, in which the president extolled, That this nation, under God shall have a new birth of freedom – and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people shall never perish from the earth.’ They are words that are as relevant to us today as the day on which they were first spoken. How ironic then that in the same speech the President said that the words spoken there would not long be remembered. Fortunately, for every US citizen, he was wrong! His words, his deeds and his hopes, like those of any father, are his legacy to all his children. Sources used in this speech and related information Abraham Lincoln Birthplace http://lincoln.hodgenville.net/lincoln/ Abraham Lincoln On-line http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/last.htm CV for Abraham Lincoln http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/~sldavis/firstsite/index.htm

Pediatric Healthcare Disparities Essay

Disparities in healthcare of children are complex problem that is associated with the disparities that exist in healthcare systems. These inequalities in the access to health care include the following factors: race and ethnicity, insurance status, education, English language proficiency, and poverty(Sobo, 2006). The aforementioned factors affect access to healthcare and the quality of service received. The racial disparities in pediatric healthcare are a tremendously pervasive depressing problem. Instead of those who most need the healthcare receiving it, they are given less priority hence these services did not reach them(Lieu, 2003). Among the most important gauges of soundness of health in children is being able to acquire healthcare services that are of high quality. Children’s health needs appropriate and apt use of medical services like physical examinations, laboratory test for diseases, and immunizations. These services are deprived to the children of the socioeconomic minority. Healthcare disparities observed pertains to less access to healthcare services and acquisition of low quality health care services by people whom are poor, of racial and ethnic minority, limited English proficiency, and low educational attainment. Children that belong to the racial and ethnic minorities receive an inferior quality of healthcare. Not only are there a small number of children in the minority class suffering from this type of problem but millions of them(Beal, 2004). Mortality in infants in Black communities is doubled when compared to the mortalities of infants of the White communities. Even this maternal and societal health’s most significant gauge confirms that the existence of racial and ethnic disparities is true. In United States, the people of color at present have a bleak healthcare condition. Approximately 20 percent Black and 30 percent Hispanic Americans do not have consistent source of medical care compared to less than 16 percent of the White Americans. There is a three-fold increase to the numbers of Hispanic children that do not have access to healthcare when compared to children that are not Hispanic Americans(AHRQ 2000). These alarming data poses a threat to the state of health especially of children that belongs to this people that belongs to the racial and ethnic minorities. Studies which were done for the determination of the factors involved in the disparities of pediatric healthcare are of significance in identification of populations involved in these dilemma. In a study done by Hambinge et al, it was found that in well-child visits (WCVs) the black and Latino children were given less counseling(Hambidge, 2007). Racial minorities in United States such as the Latino and Black children are the main population that suffers from these inconsistencies in the provision of healthcare. Scott (2004) indicated in the conclusion of their study that Hispanic or Latino children has increased risk of having no access to healthcare services in the last 15 years. Hispanic or Latino is defined in the study as individuals that came from countries in Central America, North America, Caribbean, and Europe. The absence of access to healthcare services was found to be greater in Hispanic/ Latino children with low economic status, whose parents have no college degree, and born in other countries or not born in United States. The race which is most predispose to lack of access healthcare are children of Mexicans due to their poverty status or low educational achievements(Scott 2004). The study of Flores (2005) found an association in children’s health and healthcare to Limited English Proficiency (LEP) of their parents. This factor has a significant impact as a barrier for the acquisition of healthcare in children. The research also indicated that parental LEP has a direct association to the possibility that children in need of medical care can not be brought to healthcare providers. Racial and ethnic healthcare disparity is proven through this study because the bulk of the children that participated in the study were of racial and ethnic minority groups, 82 percent Latino, 2 percent Caribbean black, 10 percent African American, 2 percent non-Latino white, 1 percent African, 0. 3 percent Asian, and 1 percent combination of other races. Large portion of this participating population can not speak English very well. Thus, the ability to speak English fluently of children and their parents will determine their chance of receiving appropriate healthcare services(Flores, 2005). The continuing presence of racism in the healthcare sector of the society is found to be related to the underrepresentation of minority racial and ethnic groups in professions of the medical industry. Generally speaking people that are poor are predominantly people of color such as the Blacks and Hispanics. Poverty does not allow them to be with the education needed to work in healthcare industry so they are underrepresented in this profession. Study results prove that people of color in the medical profession tend to provide more healthcare services to those people which are also of color. The possibility of providing healthcare services to the poor portion of the population is also proven to be attributed to those medical professionals that are people of color. This underrepresentation explains why the racial and ethnic minority receive less healthcare services(ERASE ). Even though it is said that in professional fields the race of an individual hardly matters it is rarely true. The complexity of the factors that are involve in the disparities of healthcare in general should not hinder in the search and implementation of solutions that will alleviate the disparities suffered by the people of racial and ethnic minority, low educational attainment, limited English proficiency, and economically challenged. It is the responsibility of healthcare providers to serve the public with equality to promote the health status of the whole population instead of only those that belong to the elite portion of the population. The present ways of addressing the disparities in healthcare is focused not only on the professionals that will provide the services but also to the public consumers of these services. The goal is centered towards providing equal chance of receiving quality healthcare services. One of these strategies is the establishment of guidelines that will help medical practitioners handle, diagnose, and treat with professional competence the health cases of the people that belong to socioeconomic minority. Another strategy is helping the patients and their families pursue healthcare of high quality thru assessment of healthcare services provided by the healthcare recipient or client. Publications are written in various languages to facilitate understanding of the contents by those people that are with Limited English Proficiency. Booklets or pamphlets are also produces to help parents assess if their children were provided with health services of high quality. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is also finding ways to develop enhanced strategies for quality improvement of healthcare services. Their initiative is focused on eliminating healthcare racial and ethnic disparities, supporting of the healthcare providers that supply services to communities of the minority people, and conducting seminars or trainings on how to address healthcare disparities(AHRQ 2000). The existence of racism can not be denied even though the society has already learned to accept that people are of diverse cultures and beliefs. Various organizations have been established to stop the disparities in healthcare of children and promote equality in the acquisition of these services. Despite the research and strategies that are implemented to counteract the increasing numbers of children having no access to good quality healthcare especially those of the minority racial and ethnic origin, the problem is still present along its complexities. Though it’s a cliche â€Å"children are the future of every nation† thus it is only prompt that actions should be undertaken to promote holistic growth of their well being. Eradication of these disparities in pediatric healthcare will ensure that tomorrow’s generation will have a better health.